What is the difference between a vulnerability and a threat?

A vulnerability is correctly defined as a weakness that can be exploited in a system, network, or application. This weakness might stem from inadequate security controls, misconfigurations, or any flaw that exposes an entity to potential harm. On the other hand, a threat refers to a potential danger or harmful event that could exploit that vulnerability. A threat can be anything that has the potential to cause damage or loss, such as a cyber attack, natural disaster, or insider threat.

Understanding this distinction is essential in risk management and security practices. Identifying vulnerabilities allows organizations to patch weaknesses and reduce their exposure, while recognizing threats enables them to prepare and respond to potential incidents. This concept forms a fundamental part of a risk assessment process, which aims to prioritize risks to reduce likelihood and impact effectively.

The other options mischaracterize the relationship between vulnerabilities and threats or oversimplify their definitions, leading to misunderstandings of fundamental cybersecurity concepts.