Which incident response step involves learning lessons from security events?

The step that involves learning lessons from security events is the post-incident review. This phase is crucial in the incident response process as it enables an organization to analyze what happened during a security incident, assess the response effectiveness, and identify areas for improvement.

During a post-incident review, teams gather and evaluate information regarding the incident, including causes, impacts, and response actions. This analysis helps to refine existing policies, procedures, and security measures, ensuring that similar incidents are less likely to occur in the future. The insights gained from this review process are vital for developing stronger incident response capabilities and enhancing overall security posture.

In contrast, the other choices focus on different aspects of incident management. Incident assessment involves determining the severity and impact of a security event, while incident documentation focuses on recording the details of the incident for compliance and future reference. Risk identification is a broader proactive measure that aims to recognize potential risks before incidents occur, rather than analyzing past events for lessons learned. Thus, the post-incident review distinctly stands out as the step dedicated to continuous improvement based on past experiences.